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Purpose:
- Type 2 Diabetes: Metformin helps control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes, often in conjunction with diet and exercise. It's not used for type 1 diabetes.
How It Works:
- Decreases Glucose Production: Metformin primarily works by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver.
- Improves Insulin Sensitivity: It also enhances the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin, helping them absorb glucose more effectively.
Administration:
- Forms: Available in oral tablets, extended-release tablets, and liquid form.
- Dosage: Dosage can vary based on individual needs and response, but it's typically taken in divided doses with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Common Side Effects:
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort are common, especially when starting the medication.
- Lactic Acidosis: A rare but serious side effect, characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood, which can be dangerous. This risk is higher in people with certain preexisting conditions.
Considerations:
- Kidney Function: Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended, as metformin is excreted through the kidneys.
- Interaction with Other Medications: Metformin can interact with other drugs, so it’s important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you’re taking.
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